Incandescent Gentle Bulb > 자유게시판

• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

An incandescent mild bulb, often known as an incandescent lamp or incandescent gentle globe, is an electric gentle that produces illumination by Joule heating a filament until it glows. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb that's both evacuated or filled with inert gas to guard the filament from oxidation. Electric current is supplied to the filament by terminals or wires embedded in the glass. A bulb socket supplies mechanical assist and electrical connections. Incandescent bulbs are manufactured in a variety of sizes, light output, and voltage ratings, from 1.5 volts to about 300 volts. They require no exterior regulating tools, have low manufacturing costs, and work equally properly on both alternating present or direct present. As a result, the incandescent bulb grew to become widely used in family and business lighting, for EcoLight home lighting portable lighting akin to desk lamps, automotive headlamps, and flashlights, and for decorative and advertising lighting. Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than different forms of electric lighting.

Lower than 5% of the power they devour is converted into seen mild; the remaining is launched as heat. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb for 120 V operation is sixteen lumens per watt (lm/W), compared with 60 lm/W for a compact fluorescent bulb or a hundred lm/W for typical white LED lamps. The heat produced by filaments is used in some functions, such as heat lamps in incubators, lava lamps, Edison effect bulbs, and the easy-Bake Oven toy. Quartz envelope halogen infrared heaters are used for industrial processes corresponding to paint curing and space heating. Incandescent bulbs usually have shorter lifetimes in comparison with different varieties of lighting; round 1,000 hours for dwelling light bulbs versus usually 10,000 hours for compact fluorescents and 20,000-30,000 hours for lighting LEDs. Most incandescent bulbs may be changed by fluorescent lamps, excessive-depth discharge lamps, and mild-emitting diode lamps (energy-saving LED bulbs). Some governments have begun a section-out of incandescent mild bulbs to cut back power consumption.

Historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel listing inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison of General Electric. They conclude that Edison's model was the first practical implementation, in a position to outstrip the others because of a mixture of 4 components: an effective incandescent materials; a vacuum larger than other implementations which was achieved via the usage of a Sprengel pump; a excessive resistance that made power distribution from a centralized supply economically viable, and the event of the related parts required for a large-scale lighting system. Historian Thomas Hughes has attributed Edison's business success to his growth of an entire, integrated system of electric lighting. The lamp was a small component in his system of electric lighting, and no extra crucial to its efficient functioning than the Edison Jumbo generator, the Edison principal and feeder, and the parallel-distribution system. Other inventors with generators and incandescent lamps, and with comparable ingenuity and excellence, have lengthy been forgotten because their creators didn't preside over their introduction in a system of lighting.

In 1761, Ebenezer Kinnersley demonstrated heating a wire to incandescence. Nevertheless such wires tended to melt or oxidize very quickly (burn) within the presence of air. Limelight turned a preferred type of stage lighting within the early 19th century, by heating a piece of calcium oxide to incandescence with an oxyhydrogen torch. It was not vivid enough nor did it last long sufficient to be practical, however it was the precedent behind the efforts of scores of experimenters over the subsequent 75 years. Davy also demonstrated the electric arc, by passing excessive present between two pieces of charcoal. For the next 40 years much analysis was given to turning the carbon arc lamp right into a sensible means of lighting. The carbon arc itself was dim and violet in shade, emitting most of its energy in the ultraviolet, however the constructive electrode was heated to simply beneath the melting level of carbon and glowed very brightly with incandescence very near that of sunlight.

Arc lamps burned up their carbon rods very rapidly, expelled dangerous carbon monoxide, and tended to produce outputs in the tens of kilowatts. Due to this fact, they have been solely practical for lighting large areas, so researchers continued to search for a approach to make lamps suitable for home use. Over the first three-quarters of the nineteenth century, many experimenters worked with numerous combos of platinum or iridium wires, carbon rods, and evacuated or semi-evacuated enclosures. Many of those gadgets have been demonstrated and a few have been patented. In 1835, James Bowman Lindsay demonstrated a continuing electric gentle at a public meeting in Dundee, Scotland. He stated that he might "learn a book at a distance of 1 and a half toes". Nonetheless he did not develop the electric mild any additional. In 1838, Belgian lithographer Marcellin Jobard invented an incandescent gentle bulb with a vacuum environment using a carbon filament. In 1840, British scientist Warren De la Rue enclosed a coiled platinum filament in a vacuum tube and passed an electric current by means of it.