15 Documentaries That Are Best About Free Evolution
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What is Free Evolution?
Free evolution is the concept that the natural processes that organisms go through can lead to their development over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.
This is evident in numerous examples of stickleback fish species that can be found in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect varieties that have a preference for particular host plants. These reversible traits cannot explain fundamental changes to the basic body plan.
Evolution by Natural Selection
The development of the myriad of living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for many centuries. The best-established explanation is Darwin's natural selection process, an evolutionary process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more successfully than those who are less well adapted. Over time, the population of individuals who are well-adapted grows and eventually develops into an entirely new species.
Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of 3 factors: variation, reproduction and inheritance. Sexual reproduction and mutations increase the genetic diversity of a species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic traits to their offspring that includes recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, 에볼루션 무료 바카라 viable offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.
Natural selection is only possible when all the factors are in equilibrium. If, for example the dominant gene allele causes an organism reproduce and survive more than the recessive gene then the dominant allele is more prevalent in a group. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or lowers the fertility of the population, it will go away. The process is self-reinforced, which means that an organism with a beneficial characteristic will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an unadaptive characteristic. The greater an organism's fitness which is measured by its ability to reproduce and survive, is the more offspring it can produce. People with good traits, like having a long neck in the giraffe, or bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely than others to live and reproduce, which will eventually lead to them becoming the majority.
Natural selection only affects populations, not on individual organisms. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory, which states that animals acquire traits either through the use or absence of use. For instance, if the animal's neck is lengthened by stretching to reach for prey its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to grow until the giraffe is no longer able to breed with other giraffes.
Evolution through Genetic Drift
In genetic drift, the alleles of a gene could be at different frequencies in a group through random events. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so common that it is unable to be eliminated through natural selection) and the other alleles drop to lower frequency. In the extreme this, it leads to a single allele dominance. The other alleles are essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has decreased to zero. In a small population, this could result in the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolution process that occurs when an enormous number of individuals move to form a group.
A phenotypic bottleneck can also occur when survivors of a disaster such as an epidemic or a massive hunting event, are condensed within a narrow area. The surviving individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele meaning that they all have the same phenotype, and consequently have the same fitness traits. This could be caused by earthquakes, war or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if it is left, could be susceptible to genetic drift.
Walsh, Lewens and Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They give a famous instance of twins who are genetically identical and have identical phenotypes, but one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other lives and reproduces.
This kind of drift could play a very important part in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only method to progress. The most common alternative is a process called natural selection, in which the phenotypic diversity of an individual is maintained through mutation and migration.
Stephens argues there is a vast difference between treating drift like an agent or cause and treating other causes like selection mutation and migration as causes and forces. He argues that a causal mechanism account of drift allows us to distinguish it from the other forces, and that this distinction is crucial. He further argues that drift is both a direction, i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.
Evolution through Lamarckism
When high school students study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is commonly called "Lamarckism" and it asserts that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms via the inherited characteristics that result from the organism's natural actions usage, use and disuse. Lamarckism is illustrated through an giraffe's neck stretching to reach higher branches in the trees. This process would cause giraffes to pass on their longer necks to their offspring, which then become taller.
Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his opening lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology held at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he presented an original idea that fundamentally challenged the previous understanding of organic transformation. In his view, living things had evolved from inanimate matter via an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this might be the case but his reputation is widely regarded as having given the subject its first general and comprehensive analysis.
The popular narrative is that Lamarckism became a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection, and both theories battled out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually triumphed and led to the creation of what biologists now call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues the possibility that acquired traits can be inherited, and instead suggests that organisms evolve by the symbiosis of environmental factors, such as natural selection.
Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the idea that acquired characters could be passed down to future generations. However, this concept was never a key element of any of their theories on evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.
It's been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth and in the field of genomics, there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability acquired characteristics. This is sometimes referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or, more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is as valid as the more well-known Neo-Darwinian theory.
Evolution through Adaptation
One of the most widespread misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for survival. This is a false assumption and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival can be better described as a struggle to survive in a particular environment. This could include not only other organisms but also the physical environment itself.
Understanding how adaptation works is essential to understand evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living thing to survive in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical feature, like feathers or fur. It could also be a characteristic of behavior that allows you to move to the shade during hot weather or coming out to avoid the cold at night.
The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to obtain energy from the environment and 에볼루션 바카라사이트 to interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must have the right genes to create offspring and to be able to access enough food and resources. The organism should be able to reproduce itself at the rate that is suitable for its specific niche.
These factors, together with mutations and gene flow can result in an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within a population’s gene pool. This change in allele frequency can result in the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species as time passes.
Many of the characteristics we find appealing in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance lung or 에볼루션 슬롯 (http://wx.abcvote.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=4128860) gills that extract oxygen from air feathers and 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 fur for insulation long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires a keen eye to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral traits.
Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills are physical traits, while behavioral adaptations, like the tendency to seek out friends or to move to the shade during hot weather, are not. Additionally it is important to remember that a lack of thought does not mean that something is an adaptation. Inability to think about the consequences of a decision even if it seems to be rational, could make it unadaptive.
Free evolution is the concept that the natural processes that organisms go through can lead to their development over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.
This is evident in numerous examples of stickleback fish species that can be found in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect varieties that have a preference for particular host plants. These reversible traits cannot explain fundamental changes to the basic body plan.Evolution by Natural Selection
The development of the myriad of living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for many centuries. The best-established explanation is Darwin's natural selection process, an evolutionary process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more successfully than those who are less well adapted. Over time, the population of individuals who are well-adapted grows and eventually develops into an entirely new species.
Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of 3 factors: variation, reproduction and inheritance. Sexual reproduction and mutations increase the genetic diversity of a species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic traits to their offspring that includes recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, 에볼루션 무료 바카라 viable offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.
Natural selection is only possible when all the factors are in equilibrium. If, for example the dominant gene allele causes an organism reproduce and survive more than the recessive gene then the dominant allele is more prevalent in a group. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or lowers the fertility of the population, it will go away. The process is self-reinforced, which means that an organism with a beneficial characteristic will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an unadaptive characteristic. The greater an organism's fitness which is measured by its ability to reproduce and survive, is the more offspring it can produce. People with good traits, like having a long neck in the giraffe, or bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely than others to live and reproduce, which will eventually lead to them becoming the majority.
Natural selection only affects populations, not on individual organisms. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory, which states that animals acquire traits either through the use or absence of use. For instance, if the animal's neck is lengthened by stretching to reach for prey its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to grow until the giraffe is no longer able to breed with other giraffes.
Evolution through Genetic Drift
In genetic drift, the alleles of a gene could be at different frequencies in a group through random events. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so common that it is unable to be eliminated through natural selection) and the other alleles drop to lower frequency. In the extreme this, it leads to a single allele dominance. The other alleles are essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has decreased to zero. In a small population, this could result in the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolution process that occurs when an enormous number of individuals move to form a group.
A phenotypic bottleneck can also occur when survivors of a disaster such as an epidemic or a massive hunting event, are condensed within a narrow area. The surviving individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele meaning that they all have the same phenotype, and consequently have the same fitness traits. This could be caused by earthquakes, war or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if it is left, could be susceptible to genetic drift.
Walsh, Lewens and Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They give a famous instance of twins who are genetically identical and have identical phenotypes, but one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other lives and reproduces.
This kind of drift could play a very important part in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only method to progress. The most common alternative is a process called natural selection, in which the phenotypic diversity of an individual is maintained through mutation and migration.
Stephens argues there is a vast difference between treating drift like an agent or cause and treating other causes like selection mutation and migration as causes and forces. He argues that a causal mechanism account of drift allows us to distinguish it from the other forces, and that this distinction is crucial. He further argues that drift is both a direction, i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.
Evolution through Lamarckism
When high school students study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is commonly called "Lamarckism" and it asserts that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms via the inherited characteristics that result from the organism's natural actions usage, use and disuse. Lamarckism is illustrated through an giraffe's neck stretching to reach higher branches in the trees. This process would cause giraffes to pass on their longer necks to their offspring, which then become taller.
Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his opening lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology held at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he presented an original idea that fundamentally challenged the previous understanding of organic transformation. In his view, living things had evolved from inanimate matter via an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this might be the case but his reputation is widely regarded as having given the subject its first general and comprehensive analysis.
The popular narrative is that Lamarckism became a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection, and both theories battled out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually triumphed and led to the creation of what biologists now call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues the possibility that acquired traits can be inherited, and instead suggests that organisms evolve by the symbiosis of environmental factors, such as natural selection.
Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the idea that acquired characters could be passed down to future generations. However, this concept was never a key element of any of their theories on evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.
It's been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth and in the field of genomics, there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability acquired characteristics. This is sometimes referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or, more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is as valid as the more well-known Neo-Darwinian theory.
Evolution through Adaptation
One of the most widespread misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for survival. This is a false assumption and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival can be better described as a struggle to survive in a particular environment. This could include not only other organisms but also the physical environment itself.
Understanding how adaptation works is essential to understand evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living thing to survive in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical feature, like feathers or fur. It could also be a characteristic of behavior that allows you to move to the shade during hot weather or coming out to avoid the cold at night.
The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to obtain energy from the environment and 에볼루션 바카라사이트 to interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must have the right genes to create offspring and to be able to access enough food and resources. The organism should be able to reproduce itself at the rate that is suitable for its specific niche.
These factors, together with mutations and gene flow can result in an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within a population’s gene pool. This change in allele frequency can result in the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species as time passes.
Many of the characteristics we find appealing in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance lung or 에볼루션 슬롯 (http://wx.abcvote.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=4128860) gills that extract oxygen from air feathers and 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 fur for insulation long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires a keen eye to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral traits.
Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills are physical traits, while behavioral adaptations, like the tendency to seek out friends or to move to the shade during hot weather, are not. Additionally it is important to remember that a lack of thought does not mean that something is an adaptation. Inability to think about the consequences of a decision even if it seems to be rational, could make it unadaptive.
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