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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can cause organisms to develop over time. This includes the appearance and development of new species.

This has been proven by numerous examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can live in saltwater or fresh water and 에볼루션코리아 walking stick insect species that are apprehensive about particular host plants. These are mostly reversible traits however, are not able to explain fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution through Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living creatures on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for 바카라 에볼루션 슬롯 [Going at 414500] decades. Charles Darwin's natural selectivity is the most well-known explanation. This process occurs when people who are more well-adapted have more success in reproduction and survival than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, a group of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually creates a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of three factors including reproduction, variation and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity within a species. Inheritance refers the transmission of a person’s genetic characteristics, which includes both dominant and recessive genes to their offspring. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.

Natural selection can only occur when all the factors are in harmony. For example when an allele that is dominant at the gene causes an organism to survive and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele the dominant allele will become more prevalent within the population. If the allele confers a negative survival advantage or lowers the fertility of the population, it will go away. The process is self-reinforcing which means that the organism with an adaptive trait will live and reproduce much more than those with a maladaptive feature. The more offspring that an organism has the better its fitness which is measured by its capacity to reproduce itself and survive. People with good characteristics, like longer necks in giraffes or bright white patterns of color in male peacocks are more likely to survive and have offspring, so they will make up the majority of the population in the future.

Natural selection is only an element in the population and not on individuals. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which states that animals acquire characteristics by use or inactivity. For example, if a Giraffe's neck grows longer due to stretching to reach for prey its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe is no longer able to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles from one gene are distributed randomly in a group. Eventually, one of them will attain fixation (become so widespread that it is unable to be removed by natural selection), while other alleles will fall to lower frequencies. In extreme cases this, it leads to dominance of a single allele. The other alleles have been virtually eliminated and heterozygosity diminished to zero. In a small group, this could result in the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolutionary process that occurs when the number of individuals migrate to form a population.

A phenotypic bottleneck could happen when the survivors of a catastrophe, such as an epidemic or a massive hunting event, are condensed within a narrow area. The survivors will carry an dominant allele, and will have the same phenotype. This situation could be caused by war, 에볼루션 슬롯 earthquakes, or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if it is left, could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh, Lewens and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known example of twins that are genetically identical and have the exact same phenotype but one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces.

This type of drift is very important in the evolution of an entire species. However, it is not the only method to develop. Natural selection is the most common alternative, where mutations and migration keep the phenotypic diversity of a population.

Stephens claims that there is a big difference between treating drift as a force, or an underlying cause, and treating other causes of evolution, such as selection, mutation and migration as causes or causes. Stephens claims that a causal process account of drift allows us differentiate it from other forces, 에볼루션 and this distinction is essential. He also claims that drift has a direction: that is it tends to eliminate heterozygosity, and that it also has a specific magnitude which is determined by population size.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, often referred to as "Lamarckism" is based on the idea that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms through inheriting characteristics that result from the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism is illustrated through the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher branches in the trees. This could cause giraffes' longer necks to be passed to their offspring, who would then become taller.

Lamarck the French Zoologist, introduced a revolutionary concept in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the traditional thinking about organic transformation. In his view living things had evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the first to suggest this however he was widely thought of as the first to provide the subject a comprehensive and general overview.

The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were rivals in the 19th Century. Darwinism eventually won and led to the creation of what biologists today call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits are passed down from generation to generation and instead, it claims that organisms evolve through the selective action of environment elements, like Natural Selection.

Although Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance by acquired characters and his contemporaries spoke of this idea, it was never a major feature in any of their theories about evolution. This is due in part to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.

However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age genomics, there is a large amount of evidence that supports the possibility of inheritance of acquired traits. This is sometimes called "neo-Lamarckism" or, more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a variant that is just as valid as the popular Neodarwinian model.

Evolution through the process of adaptation

One of the most commonly-held misconceptions about evolution is that it is being driven by a struggle for survival. This notion is not true and ignores other forces driving evolution. The fight for survival can be more effectively described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment, which may include not just other organisms, but also the physical environment.

Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to understand evolution. It is a feature that allows living organisms to live in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical feature, like feathers or fur. Or it can be a characteristic of behavior, like moving towards shade during the heat, or escaping the cold at night.

The capacity of an organism to draw energy from its environment and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environments is essential to its survival. The organism should possess the right genes for producing offspring and be able find enough food and 에볼루션 슬롯 resources. The organism must also be able reproduce itself at an amount that is appropriate for its niche.

These factors, together with gene flow and mutation, lead to changes in the ratio of alleles (different types of a gene) in the gene pool of a population. This shift in the frequency of alleles can lead to the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species as time passes.

Many of the characteristics we admire in animals and plants are adaptations, like lungs or gills to extract oxygen from the air, feathers or fur to provide insulation, long legs for running away from predators, and camouflage to hide. To comprehend adaptation it is essential to distinguish between behavioral and physiological characteristics.

Physiological adaptations, like the thick fur or gills are physical characteristics, whereas behavioral adaptations, like the tendency to seek out companions or to retreat into the shade in hot weather, aren't. Furthermore, it is important to note that lack of planning does not make something an adaptation. Inability to think about the implications of a choice even if it seems to be rational, could make it unadaptive.