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Mesothelioma and Asbestos

Asbestos is a mineral that occurs naturally in the form of thin, long fibers. People who are exposed to asbestos on a regular basis risk developing mesothelioma and other types of lung diseases.

It may take decades for symptoms to appear after exposure to asbestos. Different asbestos attorney types may cause different symptoms.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is a cancer that develops in the outer lung the lining (pleura). It is the most common type of mesothelioma, making up 70% to 79% of all diagnosed cases. The condition can cause chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and a feeling of weightiness.

Exposure to asbestos, a group of minerals composed of microscopic fibers causes this type of cancer. Once inhaled, the fibers stick inside the lung and cause irritation which leads to scarring and DNA mutations. Pleura surrounds both the chest cavity and the lungs, so irritations can also affect the heart. Mesothelioma symptoms typically don't show until 30 to 50 years after exposure.

The most commonly reported symptoms of pleural mesothelioma are chest pain and breath shortness. Patients may also experience chest tightness, coughing or difficulty breathing. People who suffer from this cancer usually have a history of exposure to asbestos in the workplace. Construction, manufacturing, and shipbuilding are the most frequent jobs that put people at high danger of developing pleural melanoma. People who were in the military are at a greater risk due the extensive use asbestos in Navy vessels and bunkers for the Army.

The most popular staging system for pleural mysothelioma has been the TNM (tumor lymph nodes, lymph nodes and metastases) staging system. The stage that the patient is in at the moment of diagnosis will determine the treatment plan they should receive. For instance, patients suffering from mesothelioma that is pleural in stage three or four have a less favorable prognosis than those in a lower stage. Mesothelioma in stage four is usually spread to the liver, diaphragm or even the heart of a patient. This makes the cancer more difficult to treat and increase the chance of complications for the patient.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

In contrast to pleural mesothelioma which develops in the lung lining, peritoneal mesothelioma forms in the peritoneum -- it is a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and organs like the liver and intestines. Similar to pleural mesothelioma, asbestos exposure is the primary cause of peritoneal msothelioma. It is estimated that only 300-500 cases are diagnosed each year, which is less than pleural asbestosis.

Like pleural mesothelioma, symptoms can take years to show. Typically, patients experience abdominal pain and a mass in the abdomen. The symptoms of this kind of mesothelioma may also include nausea or weight loss, as well as fever. A lot of these symptoms can be misinterpreted as gastrointestinal issues and can lead to a misdiagnosis.

The doctors can detect mesothelioma through reviewing the medical history of the patient and performing a physical examination. They may also employ imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans and PET/CT scans to identify mesothelioma. These tests can reveal tumors and other cancer signs that are not visible on X-rays.

The results of these tests allow doctors to diagnose mesothelioma and establish the stage. They can also recommend treatment options. The stage is determined by the kind of cell and if the cancer has spread.

The most significant risk factor for mesothelioma is asbestos exposure. People who have worked in jobs that require asbestos, like plumbing or electrical work, manufacturing or construction, are at greater risk of developing the disease. Even if someone does not work in one of these fields, he or she can still be exposed through family members and other sources. Anyone who thinks they're at risk should talk to a doctor. If they have an history of exposure to asbestos and mesothelioma is a concern, a specialist will assist them in finding out more about their risk.

Risk Factors

Asbestos is the main risk factor in mesothelioma. It accounts for as much as the 80% of cases. Exposure to asbestos can occur due to work, military service or through living with a person who works with asbestos or was previously exposed to doing such. When exposed to asbestos, the particles are able to be inhaled into abdomen and lungs. These particles can cause irritation to the linings and cause cancerous cells to grow in the mesothelium. Mesothelioma can take between 15 and 60 years to develop after exposure to asbestos.

Other risk factors include genetics, smoking and aging. People in their 40s and 50s are more likely to get mesothelioma than people younger or more senior. This is because mesothelioma typically occurs between 20 and 60 years from the first exposure to asbestos before symptoms of cancer begin to manifest. It is important to note, too, that mesothelioma can develop in people who have been exposed to asbestos, but without having worked with it directly. This is known as indirect or secondary asbestos settlement exposure, and is as hazardous as direct asbestos exposure.

Smoking increases the chance of mesothelioma as it damages the mesothelium. It also makes it more susceptible. Furthermore, mesothelioma is worsened by certain diseases like pneumonia and asbestosis. It is also important to know that mesothelioma occurs more frequently for men than women. This is due to men being more likely to work with asbestos and have an extended period of exposure than women. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who has worked with asbestos and to have asbestos-containing fibers on their clothing. Women are less likely to come into contact with asbestos and don't typically carry asbestos home on their clothing.

Diagnosis

Mesothelioma is difficult to recognize because the symptoms are often similar to other diseases. This can result in patients being misdiagnosed.

The first step in identifying mesothelioma is for NYU Langone doctors to perform an examination of the body and take down a patient's medical history including asbestos exposure. Doctors can also order an X-ray of the chest or CT scan to look for lumps or other abnormalities, as well as evidence of asbestos exposure in the past such as plaques in the pleura (thickened pleura with calcium deposits) and the accumulation of fluid between the lung and chest wall (known as pleural effusion).

Other diagnostic tests include an echocardiogram, which examines the heart and blood vessels, and a magnetic resonance imaging, also known as MRI, test that uses radio waves and magnets to create precise images of the inside of the body. A surgical biopsy is a different method doctors use to diagnose mesothelioma. When a biopsy is performed doctors will remove a small piece of tissue from the pleura or the peritoneum to be further examined. A pathologist can then examine the tissue using a magnifying glass to determine if it is a cancerous cell.

Mesothelioma is classified according to the type of mesothelial cell involved, whether those cells are malignant or benign and the location of the tumor, the type, and the stage of the cancer. Certain mesothelioma types have greater risk of spreading or metastasizing, so it's important to determine the type of mesothelioma so that doctors can treat it before it becomes out-of-control.

Doctors can also perform laboratory tests on tumors in order to determine specific genes, proteins, or other factors which can aid in describing cancer characteristics and plan treatment. These results are known as staging.

Treatment

A mesothelioma diagnosis is a frightening prospect. It is important to remember, however, that cancer can be treated particularly in its initial stages. Many people with mesothelioma can endure the disease for a long time without spreading.

Exposure to asbestos case (try here) may cause mesothelioma through a variety of ways. Asbestos fibers that are tiny enough to be felt or seen through the naked eye are able to become airborne, causing irritation to the lining of the lung (pleura). In time, the irritation causes the formation of scar tissue which leads to changes in the cell structure which eventually lead to tumors.

The Pleura is a covering that protects the abdomen, heart, and lungs. Mesothelium is composed of cells that react to exposure to asbestos lawyer which causes it to become inflamed and create scar tissue. Overtime, these changes result in the growth of malignant mesothelioma tumors.

Shortness of breath, chest pain or fluid accumulation on the lungs are all signs of the pleural msothelioma. In rare cases, cancer can spread into the tissues surrounding the reproductive organs and the heart.

A doctor will request biopsy if scans show a potential mass in the lungs or stomach. During the procedure, doctors will remove a small sample of the fluid or tumor for lab analysis. The results can confirm a mesothelioma diagnosis and determine the best treatment option.

There are a variety of mesothelioma treatment options, including surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Most doctors utilize the combination of these treatments. Participating in clinical trials for mesothelioma treatments may be beneficial to patients. Patients can find out more by consulting a mesothelioma expert who has treated mesothelioma.