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Category 5 (Cat 5, Cat 5e, and Cat 6) cables are the most common Ethernet cables in use today. It is like the Universal Serial Bus (USB) or ethernet that we can find in many of our modern computers. You can find out more about the differences between RS485 and RS232 here. RS485 is used as the physical layer for many standards and proprietary automation protocols to implement control systems, most commonly Modbus. There are different serial communication standards such as RS232, RS422 and RS485. A: RS422 and RS485 are both differential communication standards, providing better noise immunity and allowing longer cable distances than RS232. RS422 is another differential signaling standard that is similar to RS485 in many ways. RS485 at its core with 2 wires allows half-duplex data transmission. RS485 main advantages as compared to other serial communication are tolerance to electrical noise, lengthy cable runs, multiple slaves in one connection, and fast data transmission speed.

However, Arduino and Raspberry Pi hobbyists also use it for some of their projects when multiple peripherals need to be linked to the board. Most Modbus implementations use RS485 due to the allowance of longer distances, higher speeds and multiple devices on a single network. By adding another 2 wires, making it a 4 wires system, it allows data transmission in both directions to and fro devices at the same time, also known as full-duplex. Variably, this time both TX and RX have their own 2 wires for data transmission. In this setup both the TX and RX share a single pair of wires, therefore it is limited to half-duplex data transmission as the data cannot be transmitted simultaneously to and fro each device. Share This Story, Choose Your Platform! Designed to be used with the SenseCAP Sensor Hub, this splitter is able to "split" one MODBUS RS485 port into 4. The RS485 splitter has one male interface that connects to the Sensor Hub and four female interfaces that link to the sensors. Grove sensors to MODBUS RS485 industrial-grade sensors. The RS485 is also common in computers, PLCs, microcontrollers and intelligent sensors in scientific and technical applications.

RS485 is however most popularly used in programmable logic controllers and factory floors where there are lots of electrical noise. The RS485 system used for Modbus communication provides a main cable (Bus or backbone), to which all the devices have to be connected with branches (also known as stubs) that are as short as possible. It starts by explaining the fundamentals of serial communication, providing a foundation for understanding RS485's significance in connecting devices. It may sound complicated for those who don’t know what is serial communication, so here’s an explanation. Compared to serial communication, USB and ethernet are significantly more complex and expensive. Now, why don’t companies just use USB or ethernet to transmit data between their devices? Ultimately, it can be thought of in a way that serial communication is more made for this usage as compared to the common USB and ethernet. Serial communication is a way to send data.

As mentioned, an example of serial communication is RS485. The twisted pairs in RS485 give immunity against electrical noise, making RS485 viable in electrically noisy environments. Its use of differential signaling makes it resistant to noise, and its support for up to 32 devices on a single network makes it suitable for a wide range of applications. Serial communication also has a deterministic behaviour to avoid collisions of data packets, making it more reliable for a linkage system with many devices. RS485 is used more industrially where many devices need to be interconnected together for a system. This is great for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems where there are many devices and it also comes at a very low cost to implement. RS485 has many advantages over other standards, especially when it comes to applications in noisy industrial environments. As mentioned, RS485 is used to link devices instead of other means as it provides significant advantages. Manufacturing facilities use serial communication to link their devices together. Different Unit Loads in transceivers allow more devices on a network, including full, half, quarter, or eighth-unit load circuits. If you need more information on the cable & protocol, refer to the article below.

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