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The circulating circuit of the reactor is a system composed of gasoline channels, steam/water and water traces, steam separators, predominant circulation pumps, pressure, suction and distribution headers with related piping. The equipment and pipelines are protected towards excessive pressure rise by a system of steam dumping services which dump excess steam into the turbine condensers or into the condensation swimming pools of the accident isolation system. The station incorporates provision for multiple safety of proccess tools. The control and safety system is built of fail-safe and redundant gadgets utilizing built-in curcuits to obtain and process alerts from various sensors, as well as to present the reactor standing info to the operator. To counter this, special gadgets are installed on the strains to act as repeaters. Part 15 mandates that all digital gadgets bought within the United States must meet FCC radio-frequency emissions limits. By bundling radio-frequency (RF) vitality on the identical line with an electric present, knowledge could be transmitted without the need for a separate data line. Hypalon Wire can be utilized as appliance wire, lead wire, transformer leads and motor lead wire. Once dropped on the medium-voltage traces, the info can solely travel up to now before it degrades. The system drops the information off of traditional fiber-optic traces downstream, onto the much more manageable 7,200 volts of medium-voltage energy traces.

The first stage of the nuclear power venture comprises two units. The turbine room, waste gasoline purification and water conditioning rooms are common for all of the items. The Ignalina nuclear energy plant, like all stations with RBMK reactors, has a direct cycle configuration - saturated steam formed in the reactor correct by passing the light water via the reactor core is fed to the turbine at a stress of 6,5 MPa. The pumps are of a vertical, centrifugal, single-stage configuration. The condensate of the steam spent in the turbines is conditioned within the ion-exchangers, heated in the heat exchangers of the regenerative heating system, deaerated and on passing by strainers is fed again by the electric feedwater pumps over feed pipelines to the separators of the circulating circuit. Each loop accommodates two horizontal type steam separators interconnected on the water and steam sides. Steam is conveyed from every separator to the turbines over two steam strains. The steam piping is so arranged that every steam separator is connected with two turbines. Each separator houses inside a feedwater header.

The separated water, in mixing with the conditioned, heated, and deaerated feedwater goes via the downcomers to the suction header after which is conveyed via suction pipes to the 4 fundamental circulating pumps one in every of which is stored within the stand-by responsibility. Feedwater flows from the header into downcomers via perforated nozzles. 40-forty three water supply strains are branched off each distribution header. The coolant stream distribution among the gasoline channels as a operate of the core energy launch is managed by shutoff management valves following the indications of circulate meters mounted on the inlet of water provide line to every fuel channel. The suction line of every foremost circulating pump is supplied with a stop gate, the delivery line (down the flow) mounts a test valve, a throttle valve and a cease gate. The refuelling machine is provided with two techniques of exact positioning over the gas channel-optical/tv and call. On prime the graphite stack is spanned over by an upper steel structure resting on the annular water tank of the biological shield. The graphite stack is carried by a welded steel structure resting on a concrete basis.

The main structural factor of the reactor, a graphite stack with gasoline channels, absorber-rods and surrounding metallic structures, is housed in a concrete vault. The vertical graphite stack columns comprise gasoline channels and control rod channels. The split graphite rings within the channels provide thermal contact with the graphite bricks of the stack. A welded shell enclosing the graphite stack, as well because the upper and bottom steel constructions type a sealed reactor space. To prevent graphite oxidation and to enhance heat switch from graphite to gasoline channels, the reactor space is full of a helium-nitrogen mixture. The system offers begin-up, automated upkeep of power on the set degree, allows control of energy distribution along the radius and heightwise of the core, compensates for gasoline burn-up, offers protection of the reactor under emergency circumstances. The control and protection system is intended for dependable follow-up of the reactor efficiency and its protected operation. Malfunction of the method gear initiates operation of various sorts of protecting gear offering managed discount of the reactor energy at a price of 2-four per cent/s to the protected stage.