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An electric light, lamp, or light bulb is an electrical system that produces light from electricity. It is the most typical type of synthetic lighting. Lamps normally have a base product of ceramic, metallic, glass, or plastic that secures them in the socket of a gentle fixture, which can be commonly referred to as a 'lamp.' The electrical connection to the socket could also be made with a screw-thread base, two steel pins, two metal caps or a bayonet mount. The three foremost categories of electric lights are incandescent lamps, which produce gentle by a filament heated white-hot by electric current, fuel-discharge lamps, which produce gentle via an electric arc by a gasoline, comparable to fluorescent lamps, and LED lamps, which produce light by a move of electrons throughout a band hole in a semiconductor. The power effectivity of electric lighting has significantly improved since the primary demonstrations of arc lamps and incandescent mild bulbs within the nineteenth century.

Fashionable electric gentle sources are available in a profusion of varieties and sizes tailored to many applications. Most trendy electric lighting is powered by centrally generated electric energy, however lighting could even be powered by cellular or standby electric generators or battery systems. Battery-powered mild is usually reserved for when and where stationary lights fail, typically in the form of flashlights or electric lanterns, as well as in autos. Earlier than electric lighting turned widespread within the early 20th century, people used candles, fuel lights, oil lamps, and fires. In 1799-1800, Alessandro Volta created the voltaic pile, the primary electric battery. Present from these batteries might heat copper wire to incandescence. In 1840, Warren de la Rue enclosed a platinum coil in a vacuum tube and handed an electric present by means of it, thus creating one of many world's first electric mild bulbs. The design was based mostly on the idea that the excessive melting level of platinum would allow it to operate at high temperatures and that the evacuated chamber would comprise fewer gasoline molecules to react with the platinum, enhancing its longevity.

Although it was an efficient design, the cost of the platinum made it impractical for commercial use. William Greener, an English inventor, made significant contributions to early electric lighting with his lamp in 1846 (patent specification 11076), laying the groundwork for future innovations reminiscent of these by Thomas Edison. The late 1870s and 1880s have been marked by intense competitors and innovation, with inventors like Joseph Swan within the UK and Thomas Edison within the US independently growing practical incandescent lamps. Swan's bulbs, primarily based on designs by William Staite, have been successful, but the filaments have been too thick. Edison worked to create bulbs with thinner filaments, leading to a better design. The rivalry between Swan and Edison finally led to a merger, forming the Edison and Swan Electric Gentle Firm. By the early twentieth century these had utterly changed arc lamps. This innovation turned a standard for incandescent energy-efficient bulbs for many years. In 1910, Georges Claude introduced the first neon gentle, paving the way in which for neon signs which would become ubiquitous in promoting.

In 1934, Arthur Compton, a renowned physicist and GE guide, reported to the GE lamp division on successful experiments with fluorescent lighting at General Electric Co., Ltd. Great Britain (unrelated to Common Electric within the United States). Stimulated by this report, and with all of the key elements available, a team led by George E. Inman built a prototype fluorescent lamp in 1934 at Common Electric's Nela Park (Ohio) engineering laboratory. U.S. Division of Vitality. Compact fluorescent bulbs are also banned despite their lumens per watt efficiency due to their toxic mercury that may be launched into the house if damaged and widespread issues with proper disposal of mercury-containing bulbs. In its modern kind, the incandescent mild bulb consists of a coiled filament of tungsten sealed in a globular glass chamber, either a vacuum or full of an inert gas reminiscent of argon. When an electric present is linked, the tungsten is heated to 2,000 to 3,300 K (1,730 to 3,030 °C; 3,140 to 5,480 °F) and glows, emitting gentle that approximates a steady spectrum.