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The first organized worldwide competitors involving winter sports was introduced simply five years after the start of the modern Olympics in 1896. This competition, the Nordic Games, included solely athletes from the Scandinavian international locations and was held quadrennially in Sweden, starting in 1901. Figure skating was included within the Olympics for the primary time within the 1908 Summer Games in London, though the skating competitors was not truly held till October, some three months after the other occasions were over. British, Canadian, and (beginning in September 1941) United States escorts, at first pitifully few, faced aggressive and persistent U-boat activity. In November 1917 he started to maneuver southward across Portuguese East Africa (Germany had declared battle on Portugal in March 1916), and, after crossing back into German East Africa in September 1918, he turned southwestward to invade Northern Rhodesia in October. In Jiaozhou (Kiaochow) Bay a small German enclave on the Chinese coast, the port of Qingdao (Tsingtao) was the thing of Japanese attack from September 1914. With some assist from British troops and from Allied warships, the Japanese captured it on November 7. In October, in the meantime, the Japanese had occupied the Marianas, the Caroline Islands, and the Marshalls in the North Pacific, these islands being defenseless since the departure of Admiral von Spee’s naval squadron.

Both the Japanese and the British Royal Air Force suffered vital losses in March 1944. Read about these and other World War II events in the next section. Conspicuously absent from the Alpine occasions have been 1980 gold medalists Ingemar Stenmark (Sweden) and Hanni Wenzel (Liechtenstein), who were thought of professionals and were thus banned from Olympic competitors. Within the men’s competitors Scott Hamilton (U.S.) edged out Brian Orser (Canada) to win the gold. The win for Iceland got here on board four, however not with out luck. Irina Slutskaya, the favourite in the women’s competitors, needed to settle for the bronze medal after Japan’s Arakawa Shizuka gave a dazzling efficiency to win her nation’s first gold medal in that event. The Alpine competition was marked by the shocking success of the Austrian skiers, who won 14 medals in all, including gold medals in the women’s downhill and tremendous-G by Michaela Dorfmeister, and by the disappointing efficiency of the American team led by World Cup champion Bode Miller, who was entered in five occasions but earned no Olympic medals. In the men’s occasions Gaétan Boucher (Canada) captured two usd gold price medals and one bronze. Within the observe events the Kenyan men’s group won four of the six distance races.

June 14: Free French leader General Charles de Gaulle returns to France some four years after the Nazi occupation sent him into exile. From 1928 the Winter Games were held each 4 years in the same calendar year as the Summer Games. Within 4 years, however, new amenities have been constructed, and lodging had been made to support two million visitors. The monetary hegemon of the time when the gold mark was in use, nevertheless, was the pound sterling, with the sovereign (£1) being valued at 20.Forty three gold marks. On the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal, however, Karppinen beat Kolbe by more than two seconds to take the gold medal. The general results have been predictably lopsided, with Americans incomes greater than three-fourths of the ninety five gold medals and greater than 230 medals in all. Follow more World War II occasions of April and should 1940, including Nazi Germany's invasion of the Low Countries, on the following page. The next yr the IOC altered its charter to create a separate Winter Olympics. The images of the moon and planets are produced by separate projection devices mounted on a frame between the two star spheres. Two years later an agreement was reached to rejoice an IOC-sanctioned International Winter Sports Week.

Thereafter the Winter and Summer Games were every held quadrennially, alternating in even-numbered years. The Games staged in St. Moritz, Switzerland, in 1928 had been formally designated the second Winter Olympics. Egypt, the British Virgin Islands, Monaco, Puerto Rico, and Senegal made their Winter Olympics debuts as a Winter Games-record number of national Olympic committees (49) competed at Sarajevo. The awarding of the 14th Winter Olympics to Sarajevo (now in Bosnia and Herzegovina) caught many by shock, together with the host country, which went to work building new facilities and making enhancements to others with a purpose to accommodate the Games. German speed skater Claudia Pechstein won two medals in Turin, bringing her career whole to 9 and making her the highest medal winner in her sport’s Olympic history. Zoltán Halmay of Hungary and Charles Daniels of the United States each won two gold price today medals in individual swimming, while Emil Rausch of Germany won three. Janet Evans of the United States won three swimming events.